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Uterine Fibroids

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Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous uterine growths that often arise during reproductive years. These growths, also known as leiomyomas or myomas, do not raise the risk of uterine cancer and are rarely malignant. Fibroids can vary in size and number from microscopic to larger than a grapefruit. In some cases, large fibroids can distort the uterus and give the appearance of pregnancy.

Symptoms

While many people with fibroids have no symptoms, others may experience:

  • Menstrual bleeding can be heavy or painful.
  • Prolonged or frequent periods.
  • Pelvic ache or pressure.
  • Urinate frequently or have difficulty emptying your bladder.
  • Constipation.
  • Abdominal bloating or growth.
  • Pain during intercourse or lower backache.

In rare cases, fibroids can cause acute pain when they outgrow their blood supply and begin to die.

Causes

The actual cause of fibroids is unknown; however, contributory factors include:

  • Hormonal influences: Fibroid growth is stimulated by progesterone and estrogen. After menopause, fibroids typically go away due to a drop in hormone levels.
  • Genetic changes: Fibroids may be associated with genetic changes.
  • Growth factors: Substances that include insulin-like growth factors may influence fibroid development.
  • Extracellular matrix (ECM): Fibroids with more extracellular matrix (ECM) have a bigger, more fibrous structure.

Diagnosis

Fibroids are frequently detected during routine pelvic examinations. Diagnostic tests include the following:

  • Ultrasound: Fibroids can be visualized and measured.
  • MRI: A form of comprehensive imaging.
  • Hysterosonography: A technique that uses saline to improve uterine cavity image quality.
  • Hysterosalpingography: It is a test that detects fallopian
  • Hysteroscopy: Direct examination of the uterine cavity.

Prevention

While there is no guaranteed way to avoid uterine fibroids, keeping a healthy weight and regulating hormone levels can help lower the risk.

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