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Endometrial Cancers

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Endometrial cancer begins in the cells that border the uterus, known as the endometrium. The uterus is a hollow, pear-shaped organ in the pelvis that aids fetal development. Endometrial cancer is the most common type of uterine cancer; nevertheless, uterine sarcomas can exist.

Endometrial cancer is commonly discovered early because it causes symptoms such as abnormal vaginal bleeding. When diagnosed early on, surgical removal of the uterus can frequently cure the illness.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of endometrial cancer are:

  • Postmenopausal bleeding.
  • Bleeding occurs between menstrual periods.
  • Pelvic pain.

Causes

The specific cause of endometrial cancer is unknown, although it begins with mutations in the DNA of endometrial cells. These alterations lead cells to grow abnormally and replicate uncontrolled, resulting in a tumor. Over time, these malignant cells can infect adjacent tissues and spread throughout the body.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing endometrial cancer may involve:

  • Pelvic exam: A procedure used to detect abnormalities in the reproductive organs.
  • Imaging tests: Tests such as transvaginal ultrasound can aid in assessing the endometrium.
  • Hysteroscopy: The inside of the uterus is viewed using a small scope.
  • Biopsy: Tissue samples are collected to determine whether cancer is present.

Prevention

Consider the following strategies to lower the risk of endometrial cancer:

  • Hormone therapy after menopause: If you are on hormone replacement therapy, talk to your doctor about using a combination of estrogen and progestin to reduce risk.
  • Birth control pills: Using oral contraceptives for at least a year may lower your risk.
  • Healthy weight: Maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise lowers risk.

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