Degenerative disk disease occurs when the spinal discs wear out. Spinal disks are rubbery cushions located between your vertebrae (bones in your spinal column). They function as shock absorbers, allowing you to move, bend, and twist comfortably. Everyone’s spinal discs degrade with time, which is a natural aspect of ageing. When the cushions wear away, the bones may begin to rub together. This contact can result in discomfort and other issues, such as adult scoliosis, in which the spine curves.
Symptoms
The most common symptoms of degenerative disk disease are neck and back pain. You may feel discomfort like:
- It comes and goes, lasting weeks or months at a time.
- It causes numbness or tingling in your arms and legs.
- Radiates down the buttocks and lower back.
- It worsens when you sit, bend, or lift.
Causes
Spinal discs wear out naturally as we age. Most people undergo disk degeneration, particularly after the age of 40. However, not everyone feels pain. You may experience discomfort if your spinal disks.
- Dry out: Your disks have a soft core that is primarily water. As you become older, your core naturally loses water. As a result, disks become thinner and provide less stress absorption than they used to.
- Tear or crack: Minor traumas can cause minor fissures in the spinal disks. These tears commonly occur near nerves. Tears, even little ones, can cause agony. If the outer wall of your spinal disk splits, your disk may expand out of position, resulting in a herniated disk that can compress a spinal nerve.
Diagnosis
Imaging scans, such as X-ray, CT, or MRI, may be used by your doctor. These tests can show your doctor the condition and alignment of your disks. Your provider may also perform a physical examination to check your:
- Nerve function: Your clinician may use a reflex hammer to assess your responses. A poor or no reaction could indicate that your nerves are injured or squeezed.
- Pain levels: Your physician may touch or press on certain areas of your back to assess your pain level.
- Strength: Muscle weakness or shrinkage (atrophy) may indicate nerve damage or a degenerated disk.
Prevention
You can prevent or slow the progression of spinal degeneration by making lifestyle changes. Some of these are:
- Developing and maintaining a healthy body weight.
- Avoiding or quitting smoking.
- Regular exercise helps to increase strength and flexibility.
