Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare tumors that originate in the neuroendocrine cells. These cells exhibit characteristics of nerve cells and hormone-producing endocrine cells. Most neuroendocrine tumors are malignant (cancerous) in nature. There are various forms of neuroendocrine tumors, each with symptoms that can be mistaken for other, less serious illnesses. The characteristics of NETs, including how aggressive they are, the symptoms they cause, and which treatments work best, vary depending on the tumor.
At ILS Hospitals, treatment for Neuroendocrine Tumors (NETs) is personalized, offering a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and somatostatin analogues. Our expert oncologists use advanced diagnostic tools like CT scans, MRI, PET scans, and biopsies to accurately diagnose and stage NETs, which arise from neuroendocrine cells. Based on the tumor’s location, size, and grade, we create tailored treatment plans aimed at improving survival rates, managing symptoms, and enhancing quality of life. We provide comprehensive, compassionate care for patients with neuroendocrine tumors throughout their treatment journey.
Symptoms
Neuroendocrine tumors frequently cause no symptoms until they reach an organ. When this occurs, the symptoms vary depending on the location. Symptoms can include:
- Fatigue
- Stomach pain
- Diarrhea
- Nausea and vomiting
- Shortness of breath
- Coughing (sometimes with blood)
It’s crucial to realize that having these symptoms does not indicate that you have cancer. If your symptoms do not improve, contact a healthcare provider.
Causes
NETs occur when neuroendocrine cells start to proliferate and multiply. Eventually, they develop into tumors that can harm the organs where the cells are placed. Researchers do not know what causes the aberrant cell development that leads to neuroendocrine tumors.
Diagnosis
It may take some time to receive a diagnosis because the early symptoms of NETs are similar to those of several other illnesses. Based on the type of tumor, our team will select diagnostic procedures. A few tests may include:
- Biochemical tests: These tests measure the amount or activity of a particular enzyme or protein in your blood or urine.
- Imaging tests: Our clinician may perform imaging tests, like a CT scan, MRI, or X-ray, to show tumors inside your body. PET scans can show signs of cancer spread.
- Endoscopy: An endoscopy uses a scope that goes inside your body to view tumors and remove tissue. Depending on the tumor’s location, one may need a specific type of endoscopy.
- Endoscopic ultrasound: Our team will combine an imaging procedure with an endoscopy to diagnose a NET. For example, they might use endoscopic ultrasonography to diagnose a neuroendocrine tumor in your pancreas.
- Biopsy: Clinicians perform biopsies to obtain fluid or tissue samples for diagnostic purposes. They’ll examine the sample beneath a microscope to check for cancer cells. This analysis also reveals important information about the type of NET and its aggressiveness.
Prevention
Prevention of Neuroendocrine Tumors (NETs) is difficult, as most arise sporadically without clear causes. However, reducing general cancer risks such as avoiding tobacco, limiting alcohol, maintaining a healthy diet, and regular exercise may help. For individuals with inherited syndromes like MEN1, early genetic testing and regular monitoring are key. Managing chronic conditions and regular checkups can support early detection and improve outcomes.
